Exploring Medicinal Plants for Anti-Helicobacter Pylori Activity

Helicobacter pylori is a class 1 carcinogen that requires targeted therapeutic strategy. A number of drugs including proton pump inhibitors, antibiotics and antiprotozoals are available for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infections like chronic gastric irritation, gastro duodenal ulcers and low grade gastric mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Clinical evaluation of these drugs has shown the incidence of relapses, side effects and drug interactions. Multi drug resistance to Helicobacter pylori has been the main reason for treatment failure. This has been the rationale for the development of new antiHelicobacter pylori drugs and search for novel molecules has been extended to medicinal herbs that offer better protection, decreased relapse and undevelopment of resistance towards bacteria. The present article reviews the medicinal herbs from global perspective for their antiHelicobacter pylori activity and active compounds from the plants responsible for this activity. We have highlighted some of the important plants and their active constituents reported for their antiHelicobacter pylori activity. Ancient system of medicine (Ayurvedic and Unani) supported by modern science is necessary to isolate, characterize and standardize the active constituents from herbal sources for antiHelicobacter pylori activity. Exploring Medicinal Plants for Anti-Helicobacter Pylori Activity Strictly as per the compliance and regulations of: Global Journal of Medical research Volume 12 Issue 4 Version 1.0 May 2012 Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Inc. (USA) Online ISSN: 2249-4618 & Print ISSN : 0975-5888 GJMR-D Classification : NLMC Code: QV 738, QV 766, QV 17 Exploring Medicinal Plants for Anti-Helicobacter Pylori Activity Abstract Helicobacter pylori is a class 1 carcinogen that requires targeted therapeutic strategy. A number of drugs including proton pump inhibitors, antibiotics and antiprotozoals are available for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infections like chronic gastric irritation, gastro duodenal ulcers and low grade gastric mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Clinical evaluation of these drugs has shown the incidence of relapses, side effects and drug interactions. Multi drug resistance to Helicobacter pylori has been the main reason for treatment failure. This has been the rationale for the development of new antiHelicobacter pylori drugs and search for novel molecules has been extended to medicinal herbs that offer better protection, decreased relapse and undevelopment of resistance towards bacteria. The present article reviews the medicinal herbs from global perspective for their antiHelicobacter pylori activity and active compounds from the plants responsible for this activity. We have highlighted some of the important plants and their active constituents reported for their antiHelicobacter pylori activity. Ancient system of medicine (Ayurvedic and Unani) supported by modern science is necessary to isolate, characterize and standardize the active constituents from herbal sources for anti-Helicobacter pylori activity. Helicobacter pylori is a class 1 carcinogen that requires targeted therapeutic strategy. A number of drugs including proton pump inhibitors, antibiotics and antiprotozoals are available for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infections like chronic gastric irritation, gastro duodenal ulcers and low grade gastric mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Clinical evaluation of these drugs has shown the incidence of relapses, side effects and drug interactions. Multi drug resistance to Helicobacter pylori has been the main reason for treatment failure. This has been the rationale for the development of new antiHelicobacter pylori drugs and search for novel molecules has been extended to medicinal herbs that offer better protection, decreased relapse and undevelopment of resistance towards bacteria. The present article reviews the medicinal herbs from global perspective for their antiHelicobacter pylori activity and active compounds from the plants responsible for this activity. We have highlighted some of the important plants and their active constituents reported for their antiHelicobacter pylori activity. Ancient system of medicine (Ayurvedic and Unani) supported by modern science is necessary to isolate, characterize and standardize the active constituents from herbal sources for anti-Helicobacter pylori activity. Author α : Department of Pharmaceutical chemistry, Nizam Institute Pharmacy & Research Center, Deshmukhi, Pochampally (M), Near Ramoji Film City, Nalgonda, (AP),INDIA-508284. Author ρ : Asian Institute of Advance Scientific & Pharmaceutical Research, Hyderabad – 500058, Andhra Pradesh, India. Author : ST.Mary’s College of Pharmacy, Secunderabad, A.P, India. E-mail : [email protected] Health Organization has categorized H. pylori as a class 1 carcinogen. Eradication of the organism has been shown to result in ulcer healing, prevention of peptic ulcer reoccurrence and may also reduce the prevalence of gastric cancer in high-risk populations. Many clinical trails involving patients with gastric and duodenal ulcers show that curing the infection is associated with a significant reduction in ulcer reoccurrence rates. Since 1984 physicians prescribing triple therapy to treat H. pylori infections which includes three options. First option includes the combination of proton pump inhibitor (PPI), clarithromycin and ampicillin. Second option includes PPI, clarithromycin and metronidazole. Third option includes bismuth subsalicylate, metronidazole and tetracycline, but the cure rate from standard triple therapy has been low as 50%. However, eradication by the triple therapy is not always successful and acquisition by H. pylori resistance to antibiotics could present a serious problem that may reduce treatment efficiency. Quadruple therapy, where three antibiotics are taken alongside the PPI, has also been used in cases where triple therapy has not been successful. But the success rate was only 67%. Many strains of H. pylori are now developing resistance to commonly used antibiotics. H. pylory acquires resistance by mutations to all the antibiotics used in the treatment regimens. The mechanism of resistance involves point mutations which are transmitted vertically, however transformation may be possible if two strains are present simultaneously in the stomach. Drug efflux proteins also can contribute to natural insensitivity to antibiotics and to emerging antibiotic resistance. Efflux pump gene hef A of H. pylori play an important role in multidrug resistance. Global resistance of H. pylori to metronidazole, clarithromycin, amoxicillin and tetracycline was also reported. One person may have more than one strain of H. pylori. Here the antibiotics may kill one strain, but not the other. Furthermore, undesirable side effects of the drugs and the significant cost of combination therapy require the © 2012 Global Journals Inc. (US) 33 G lo ba l Jo ur na l of M ed ic al R es ea rc h V ol um e X II Is su e IV V er sio n I elicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a Gram negative 1984 by Marshall et al, is one of the most common chronic bacterial pathogens in humans. Approximately 50% of people in the world are infected with it, and its prevalence is significantly higher in developing countries than in developed countries. Once a person is infected, the organism can live in the stomach indefinitely and may not cause clinical illness. It is still not clear how H.pylori are transmitted or why some people infected with bacteria become sick and others do not. H. pylori infection is an important etiologic impetus usually leading to chronic gastritis, gastroduodenal ulcer and low grade gastric mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Epidemiological data shows that a high H. pylori infection rate is related to the high incidence of gastric cancer and gastric adenocarcinoma. 4 World Hspiral bacterium which was first detected in